Solaris
Stanisław Lem’s Solaris, language and the void, and why contact might never mean mutual understanding.
Essays
Long-form essays or book reviews that got out of hand.
The Fall
Long-form essay on Camus’s The Fall—the same piece as under Reviews, listed here as an essay.
History of European morals from Augustus to Charlemagne
Long-form notes on Lecky’s moral history—the same piece as under Reviews, listed here as an essay.
Historical Turmoil
Dostoyevsky’s underground man, Copernican shame, Darwin, the stone wall, and why consciousness without illusion slides toward spite and inertia.
Humanity from a Planetary Perspective
History as moral narrative versus natural fractal systems—humanity as pattern, not protagonist.